
健康与环境是全球范围内备受关注的议题,几乎每一天都会出现在国际新闻、社会讨论、学校课程与政策对话中。随着现代社会的发展,人们越来越重视如何维护身体健康,预防疾病,以及应对医疗体系的挑战。同时,气候变化、生态保护、可持续发展等环保话题也成为世界各国政府和民众讨论的焦点。
用英语流畅地表达健康状况、叙述就医经历、阐述环保理念,是跨文化交流不可或缺的实用能力。例如,在海外旅行、学术交流、媒体阅读、国际考试(如IELTS、TOEFL)或职场沟通中,经常会遇到描述身体症状、咨询医疗建议、讨论气候问题或倡导环保行动的场景。
许多健康和环境相关的专有词汇在英语和汉语之间并非一一对应,部分词来自拉丁语和希腊语(如 symptom、diagnosis、prescription),其拼写和发音对于非英语母语者存在难度,需要反复练习和实际运用。另一方面,环境类词汇及其搭配是议论文和演讲表达的重点内容,合理运用这些术语可以帮助你在正式写作和公共讨论中展现思辨力和专业性。
症状描述常用句型:

A: How can I stay healthy in daily life?
(我如何在日常生活中保持健康?)
B: First, eating a balanced diet is essential for good health.
(首先,吃均衡饮食对健康至关重要。)
A: What else can I do?
(我还能做些什么?)
B: Regular exercise helps to reduce stress and maintain a healthy weight.
(定期锻炼有助于减轻压力并保持健康体重。)
A: I often feel tired.
(我经常感到疲惫。)
B: It's important to get enough sleep every night.
(每天晚上保证充足的睡眠很重要。)
A: Sometimes I'm very anxious.
(有时候我很焦虑。)
B: Practicing mindfulness and meditation can improve your mental health.
(练习正念和冥想可以改善你的心理健康。)
A: Is drinking water important?
(喝水重要吗?)
B: Yes! Drinking enough water ensures adequate hydration.
(当然!喝足够的水可以确保充分补水。)
A: How can I prevent illnesses?
(我怎样预防疾病?)
B: Preventive care can help you avoid many illnesses.
(预防性医疗可以帮助你避免许多疾病。)
A: I spend a lot of time sitting.
(我常常长时间坐着。)
B: Try to avoid a sedentary lifestyle—take breaks and move around regularly. (尽量避免久坐的生活方式——要定期活动、起来走动。)
环境议题写作中,动词搭配尤为重要。以下是议论文和新闻中最常出现的动词 + 环境名词搭配:

A:The government has announced new policies to address climate change and reduce carbon emissions by 30% over the next decade.
政府宣布了新政策,旨在应对气候变化,并在未来十年内将碳排放减少30%。
B:That's a significant commitment. They'll need to invest heavily in renewable energy and raise public awareness of eco-friendly lifestyles to succeed.
这是一个重大承诺。要成功,他们需要大力投资可再生能源,并提高公众对环保生活方式的意识。
A:Environmental organizations are calling for a total ban on single-use plastics to prevent further pollution.
环保组织呼吁全面禁止一次性塑料制品,以防止进一步的污染。
B:Individuals can help by recycling, reducing waste, and supporting eco-friendly products.
个人可以通过回收、减少废物、支持环保产品来贡献力量。
第一题(选择题)
知识点:健康词汇——symptom / diagnosis / treatment 的搭配
下列哪个搭配是正确的?
A. make a symptom
B. take a diagnosis
C. receive treatment
D. do a fever
答案是 C。“receive treatment”(接受治疗)是标准搭配,动词用 receive 或 undergo 均可。A 错误:“make a symptom”不是标准用法,症状是“show/have symptoms”;B 错误:“take a diagnosis”不是标准用法,应为“make a diagnosis”(作出诊断)或“get a diagnosis”(得到诊断结果);D 错误:发烧说“have a fever”或“run a fever”,不说“do a fever”。
第二题(选择题)
知识点:环境词汇——climate change / global warming / carbon footprint 的理解
“We can all reduce our carbon footprint by using public transport instead of driving.”这句话中,“reduce our carbon footprint”最准确的含义是?
A. 减少我们脚印的实际面积
B. 减少我们的个人碳排放量
C. 减少我们对碳纤维材料的使用
D. 减少全球碳税的支出
答案是 B。“carbon footprint”(碳足迹)是指一个人或机构通过日常活动所产生的温室气体(尤其是二氧化碳)的总量。“reduce your carbon footprint”意为减少个人的碳排放量,使用公共交通代替开车是其中一种有效方式。这是一个必须整体理解的环境词汇,不能字面翻译。
第三题(选择题)
知识点:环保词汇搭配——动词 + 环境名词
以下哪组动词 + 名词搭配是正确的?
A. do climate change
B. protect biodiversity
C. make global warming
D. build carbon footprint
答案是 B。“protect biodiversity”(保护生物多样性)是完全正确的环保词汇搭配,与 protect 搭配的环境词汇还有:protect the ecosystem(保护生态系统)、protect endangered species(保护濒危物种)。A 错误:应为“address climate change”(应对气候变化);C 错误:global warming 是一种现象,不是被“make”的,应为“cause/contribute to global warming”;D 错误:应为“reduce your carbon footprint”(减少碳足迹)。
第四题(情景问答)
知识点:健康词汇在就医场景中的综合运用
请用英文描述以下就医场景,需包含至少5个本章学习的健康词汇:
“李明感觉身体不舒服,有发烧和头痛的症状。他去看了全科医生,医生检查后开了处方,建议他按时服药,多休息,并在两周后复诊。”
参考译文:Li Ming wasn't feeling well — he had a fever and a severe headache. He made an appointment with his general practitioner. After conducting a physical examination and reviewing his symptoms, the doctor wrote him a prescription. She advised him to take the medication as directed, get plenty of rest, and come back for a follow-up appointment in two weeks.
使用的词汇:fever(发烧)/ symptoms(症状)/ general practitioner(全科医生)/ physical examination(体检)/ prescription(处方)/ medication(药物)/ follow-up appointment(复诊预约)。
第五题(情景问答)
知识点:环境议题写作——环保词汇的运用
以“我们每个人都可以为保护环境做出贡献”为中心论点,用英文写一段4-5句话的短文,必须使用以下词汇:carbon footprint / renewable energy / eco-friendly / biodiversity / raise awareness
参考短文:Every individual can make a meaningful contribution to protecting our environment. Simple daily choices — like using eco-friendly products, reducing plastic waste, and choosing public transport — can significantly lower our carbon footprint. At a larger scale, we should encourage governments and businesses to invest in renewable energy and transition away from fossil fuels. Protecting biodiversity is equally important: when we preserve natural habitats, we support the balance of entire ecosystems. Most importantly, we need to raise awareness in our communities, because environmental change begins with education and collective action.
每个人都可以为保护我们的环境做出有意义的贡献。日常生活中的简单选择——比如使用环保产品、减少塑料垃圾、选择公共交通——都能显著降低我们的碳足迹。在更大的层面上,我们应该鼓励政府和企业投资可再生能源,并逐步远离化石燃料。保护生物多样性同样重要:当我们保护自然栖息地时,就支持了整个生态系统的平衡。最重要的是,我们需要在社区内提高环保意识,因为环境改变始于教育和集体行动。